Building-block and wall construction.



BUILDING BLOCK AND WALL CONSTRUCTION.

APPLIUATION FILED 0014,1904.

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BY o r M 1.; A TTORNE Y.

No. 802,903. PATENTED OCT. 24, 1905. Z. ANDERSON.

BUILDING BLOCK AND WALL CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION FILED 0014,1904.

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/NVENTOR. dmwo duJ M ZAOHARIAS ANDERSON, OF MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESQTA.

BUILDING-BLOCK AND WALL CONSTRUCTION.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 24, 1905.

Application filed October 4, 1904. Serial No. 227,113.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ZACHARIAS ANDERSON, a citizen of the United States,residing at Minneapolis, in the county of Hennepin and State ofMinnesota, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements inBuilding-Blocks and Wall Construction; and I do hereby declare thefollowing to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention,such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains tomake and use the same.

My invention relates to building-blocks and wall construction. and hasfor its object the production of hollow walls of brick or artificialstone or the like in which the air-space in the wall shall beapproximately continuous and the opposing faces of the wallnon-contacting and in which a minimum of material is required andcomparative great strength obtained.

It also consists in the production of build ing-blocks adapted to form athick wall or a comparatively thin wall without a materiallyweakeningincrease of the width of the airspalpe between the reinforced portionsof the wa I/Vith these and other objects in view it consists of theconstructions, combinations, and arrangements of parts hereinafterdescribed and claimed.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is .a perspective view of a portion of a wallcomprising assembled blocks and embodying my said invention. Fig. 2 is aperspective view of an inside corner-block forming part of said wall andincluded in my said invention. spective view of an outside corner-blockforming part of said wall and included in said invention. Fig. I is aplan view of an inside runner-block forming part of said wall andincluded in said invention. Fig. 5 is a plan view of an outsiderunner-block forming part of said wall and included in said invention.Fig. 6 is a plan view of a portion of a modified form of said wallconstructed of said blocks. Fig. 7 is a plan view of a modified form ofwall constructed of said outside blocks and adapted for use as aveneering for a frame building. Fig. 8 is a perspective view of amodified form of said wall constructed of modified forms of said insideand outside blocks. Fig. 9 is a perspective view of a modified form ofsaid inside corner-block. Fig. 10 is a perspective view of a modifiedform of said outside corner-block. Fig. 11 is a plan view of a modifiedform of said inside runner-block. Fig. 12 is a plan view of a modifiedform of said Fig. 3 is a peroutside runner-block. Fig. 13 is a modifiedform of wall constructed with the modified forms of blocks shown inFigs. 9, 10, 11, and 12. Fig. 14 is a perspective view of a bonding-ironfor anchoring the inside and outside blocks of side walls together.

In the drawings, 1 is the web of an inside corner-block upon one face ofwhich are formed tenon-shaped ribs 2, 3, 4, and 5, which ribs 2 and 3are adapted, if desired, to project into corresponding recesses 6 and 7,formed between tenon-shaped ribs 8, 9, and 10, extending from theopposing face of an outside runner-block 11, and which ribs 4: and 5 areadapted, if desired, to extend into corresponding recesses 12 and 13,respectively, formed between tenon-shaped ribs 1a, 15, and 16, extendingfrom the opposing face of an outside corner-block 16. The ribs formedupon said outside blocks will, it is obvious, in such case extend intothe recesses formed between the ribs of said inside corner-block. Therecesses for receiving said ribs are made considerably wider than saidribs, and in assembling the blocks the inner and outer blocks are notbrought into contact with each other. A zigzag' continuous air-space 17is thus provided inside of the wall throughout the area thereof, asshown in Fig. 1. Said ribs are, as is obvious, adapted to operate aspiers to carry the weight of the building. In case of a crack or otheraperture in the wall said piers will operate as baffling-plates tointerrupt the draft around the building in the walls thereof. While I donot broadly claim to be the first to invent a continuous air-space inthe walls of a building, I regard my arrangement and result as beingpatentabl y novel and useful. In order to more effectually secure saidinner and outer walls together, I provide in the upperface of each blocka groove 18, extending longitudinally of said blocks, which grooves intransversely opposite blocks are adapted to receive the hook ends ofbonding-irons 19, which irons are placed in any suitable and desiredpoints in said walls. Said groove 18 preferably connects at each end ofthe block with avertical groove 20, which vertical groove registers witha corresponding groove in the longitudinally-adjoining block. Into saidvertical groove is tamped cement mortar as each course of the wall iscompleted, so that the respective stones will when the wall is completedbe well keyed together. The longitudinal grooves are also filled withmortar, and mortar is spread over the upper face of each block flushwith IIO or above the bonding-irons to cement the stone of the nextcourse. The inside and outside corner-blocks are made in rights andlefts, and to break joints between one course and the next a right-handcorner-block is laid upon a left-hand block, or vice versa.

21 is an inside runner-block, upon one face of which is formed the ribs22 and 23, between which is the recess 24. The ends of said block extendbeyond the ribs and are adapted to cooperate with similar ends onlongitudinallyadjoining blocks to form the back walls of recessessimilar to said recess 24. In order to break joints between the coursesof runnerblocks, the end of one runner-block is laid on the center ofthe runner-block in the next course below.

If it is desired to make a wide wall, as in case of a basement, theinside blocks and outside blocks are not meshed with each other,

but are positioned so that the ribs of the inside blocks shall opposebut not contact with the ribs of the outside blocks. Thus a wide andstrong wall may be formed of blocks similar to those used in narrowwalls without the necessity of changing molds, and a continuousair-space is provided to prevent the transmission of frost or damp tothe inner portion of the wall. In Figs. 8, 9, 10. 11, 12, and 13 I showmodified forms of said wall construction and blocks for constructing thesame which differ from the walls and blocks already particularlydescribed principally in the shape of the ribs and recesses of saidblocks, while their principle and operation is substantially orapproximately the same. A detailed description of said modified formsshown in said figures therefore seems unnecessary, as the drawings speakfor themselves.

In Fig. 7 I show a modified form of wall in which only my outside blocksare used to veneer a frame building. In such case either the form ofoutside blocks shown in Fig. 7 or the form of outside blocks shown inFig. 13 may be used, but preferably those shown in Fig. 7.

Having now described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure byLetters Patent,

1. A wall construction comprising inside and outside blocks havingtenon-shaped ribs formed upon their opposing faces, the spaces betweenthe ribs being adapted to receive the corresponding ribs of the oppositeblocks without contacting with the sides thereof, the corner-rib of theinside corner-block increasing in width from its base to a lineintermediate of its base and its extreme end, and diminishing in widthfrom said line to said end.

2. A wall construction formed of blocks having ribs formed on theiropposing faces and spaced transversely apart from each other to form anair-passage extending throughout the whole area of said wall inside ofthe same, said blocks being provided with grooves or recesses in theirupper faces to receive the hooked ends of bonding-irons, bonding-ironsfor securing said inside and outside blocks together, said blocks havingvertical grooves-in their ends to receive mortar, substantially asdescribed.

In testimony whereof I hereunto affix my signature in presence of twowitnesses.

ZACHARIAS ANDERSON.

Witnesses:

J AMES T. WA'rsoN, WVELLINGTON M. BLEWETT.

